Dr. Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil

Electrical Engineering Department

H-field and magnet

The H-field is defined as:

$mathbf{H} equiv frac{mathbf{B}}{mu_0}-mathbf{M},$(definition of H in SI units)

With this definition, Ampere's law becomes:

$oint mathbf{H} cdot doldsymbol{ell} = oint (frac{mathbf{B}}{mu_0} - mathbf{M}) cdot doldsymbol{ell} = I_{mathrm{tot}}- I_{mathrm{b}} = I_{mathrm{f}},$

where If represents the 'free current' enclosed by the loop so that the line integral of H does not depend at all on the bound currents.[20] For the differential equivalent of this equation see Maxwell's equations. Ampere's law leads to the boundary condition

$H_{1,parallel} - H_{2,parallel} = mathbf{K}_ ext{f},$

where Kf is the surface free current density.[21]

Similarly, a surface integral of H over any closed surface is independent of the free currents and picks out the 'magnetic charges' within that closed surface:

$oint_S mu_0 mathbf{H} cdot mathrm{d}mathbf{A} = oint_S (mathbf{B}- mu_0 mathbf{M})cdot mathrm{d}mathbf{A}= (0 - (-q_M)) = q_M,$

which does not depend on the free currents.

The H-field, therefore, can be separated into two independent parts:

$mathbf{H} = mathbf{H}_0 + mathbf{H}_d, ,$

where H0 is the applied magnetic field due only to the free currents and Hd is the demagnetizing field due only to the bound currents.

The magnetic H-field, therefore, re-factors the bound current in terms of 'magnetic charges'. The H field lines loop only around 'free current' and, unlike the magnetic B field, begins and ends near magnetic poles as well.

Monday 10 -2

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email: a.abokhalil@mu.edu.sa

a_galal@yahoo.com

Phone: 2570

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