Assessment of He
Assessment of Heavy Metals
Pollution and Microbial Contamination in Water, Sediments and Fish of Lake
Manzala, Egypt
Hamed Y. A.1&2,
Abdelmoneim T. S. 3&4*, ElKiki M. H.1,5, Hassan
M. A.4, Berndtsson R.6
1.Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port
Said, Egypt
2.Faculty of Engineering, Salman Bin Abdulaziz
University, Saudi Arabia
3Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia
4.Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University,
Ismailia, Egypt
5.Fauclty of Engineering, Al-Jouf University, Saudi
Arabia
6. Department of Water Resources Engineering, Lund
University, Sweden
Abstract: The
objective of this study is to assess the heavy metals pollution and microbial
contamination in water, sediments and fish of Lake Manzala and study the direct
and indirect effect for disposal of waste water, industrial and agricultural
drainage water into the lake on the environmental situation. Samples were
collected from four different sites in the lake and one site in the drain. The
selected sites are exposed to direct and indirect industrial, municipal waste
water and agricultural drainage disposals. A site near the connection between
the lake and the sea was chosen as a possible unpolluted site to compare. Three
water samples and one sediment sample were collected monthly from each site for
thirteen months. Fish samples (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected
randomly for eight months from different sites of the lake. Water salinity and
pH values were measured to each site. Water, sediment and fish samples were
analyzed for the concentration of five major heavy metals (Mn, Cd, Zn, Pb and
Cu), and two groups of bacteria (Total viable bacteria TVB - faecal coliform
bacteria FCB). Results show that all the water and sediment samples
were collected from five sites contain different concentration of the five
tested heavy metals. The highly polluted site with Zn, Pb, Cu in sediment
was found in the drain as a result of the industrial disposal. The highly
polluted site with Zn and Cu in water and Cd in sediment was found in site near
the industrial area as a result of direct disposal of factories nearby.
Although the site near the connection between the sea and the lake was assumed
to be the purest site, It was found contained a maximum concentration of Pb in
water. It is possibly due to the disposal from a new natural gas factories
located near this area. All the five sites were contaminated with high rate of
TVB and FCB in water which is an indicator of untreated waste water which
spilled directly or indirectly to the lake. The most alarming result was found
when analyzing fish; all the fish samples were contaminated on surface and
internally with very high amounts of TVB and FCB at gill and
intestine. Fish samples also had high concentrations of analyzed heavy metals
at their flesh. The mean calculated value of Pb was high up to 38 times
than the allowed permissible concentration. This confirms that lake fish is
highly polluted and dangerous for human health.
[Hamed Y. A., Abdelmoneim T. S., ElKiki M. H., Hassan
M. A., Berndtsson R. Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution and Microbial
Contamination in Water, Sediments and Fish of Lake Manzala, Egypt. Life Sci J2013;10(1):86-99] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 14
Key words: Water, Heavy metals, Lake Manzala, Fish,
Microbial contamination Full Text 14
