Synthetic heart va
Valvular heart disease
Valvular heart disease is a common disorder in the elderly . Although most valvular problems remain asymptotic ,there are several complications which can result from prosthetic valve replacement with the various types of prosthetic valves. (119)
Synthetic heart valve
Concurrently efforts are also being made in the development of valve prostheses made of synthetic material bileaflet and trileaflet valves made of polyurethane , polyester fabrics , and silicone rubber were not successful due to problems with durability of relatively thin leaflet, made of synthetic material .(113)
Fabric defects
Defect in vascular grafts are believed to be uncommon, however, the quality control measures adopted are often insufficient in that. Although physical defects are detected ,other microscopical damage sustained during the manufacturing and subsequent processing and handling is generally not detected . Extremely most cases of failure have been happened between 40 and 60 months of implantation, this tends to confirm that the mechanism of failure is not one of simple manufacturing defects present at the time of implantation and that, in all probability ,such defects were not macroscopic, it is relatively the porosity of the grafts and the types of treatment used during manufacturing and subsequent processing which are the main factores used to minimize the likelihood of the occurrence of defects. (101)
Vascular grafts
Vascular grafts have only been a practical reality for about 30 years , surgical techniques and prosthetic technology have been developed rapidly and allowed life and limb saving surgical interventions that many people take for granted , consider that there was no successful surgical for replacement of the aortic aneurysm until synthetic grafts became available. (91) Artificial veins or arteries have been a successful replacement of arteries in many areas of the body as the vein can be removed from its place toreplace arterial aneurysm and allow arterial flow. Artificial veins or arteries are used to replace segments of the natural cardiovascular system that are blocked or weakened . Grafts are inserted to bypass the blockages and restore circulation .(4)
