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1. …………….. is the study and diagnosis of disease.

2. …………….. is the science dealing with basic reactions of cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli that underlie all diseases.

3. ……………..  is the science dealing with the specific responses of specialized organs and tissues to abnormal stimuli.

4. ……………..  is a branch of general pathology that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross, microscopic and molecular examination of organs, tissues, and whole bodies.

5. ……………..  is a branch of general pathology that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of body fluids such as blood and urine.

6. ……………..  is the area of anatomical pathology that is concerned with the gross and microscopic examination of surgical specimens.

7. ……………..   is the area of anatomical pathology that is concerned with determining the cause of death by examination of a cadaver.

8. ……………..  is the area of anatomical pathology that is concerned with the study and diagnoses of diseases on the cellular level.

9. ……………..  is the area of clinical pathology that is concerned with analysis of whole blood.

10. ……………..  is the area of clinical pathology that is concerned with analysis of bodily fluids except whole blood.

11. ……………..  is the area of clinical pathology that is concerned with microbiological examination of different samples.

12. ……………..  is concerned with the diagnosis of animal diseases.

13. ……………..  is concerned with the diagnosis of plant diseases.

14. Phytopathology is a synonymous of ……………

15. Etiology is synonymous to ……………..

16. Infectious agents are considered ………….. etiological factors of diseases.

17. Nutritional agents are considered ………….. etiological factors of diseases.

18. Chemical agents are considered ………….. etiological factors of diseases.

19. Physical agents are considered ………….. etiological factors of diseases.

20. inherited mutations are considered ………….. etiological factors of diseases.

21. ………….. refers to the sequence of events in the response of cells or tissues to the etiologic agent, from the initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of the disease.

22. ………….. refer to the structural alterations (in cells or tissues) that are characteristic of a disease.

23. In breast cancers, molecular analysis has begun to reveal …………………

24. The end results of …………….. changes in cells and tissues are functional abnormalities, which lead to the clinical manifestations of disease.

25. If the cells (or tissues) are exposed to ………………. the cells enter an adaptive response.

26. adaptive response usually ends by ………………...

27. In response to increased hemodynamic loads, the heart muscle becomes enlarged which is a form of …………..

28. If the blood supply to the myocardium is compromised, the muscle first suffers ………….., manifested by certain cytoplasmic changes.

29. ………….. are reversible functional and structural responses to severe physiologic stresses and mild pathologic stimuli.

30. During adaptation, ……………. steady states are achieved, allowing the cell to survive and continue to function.

31. In adaptation when the stress is eliminated, the cell ……………………

32. ……………. is defined as an adaptive form characterized by increase in the size and functional activity of cells.

33. ……………. is defined as an adaptive form characterized by an increase in the number of cells.

34. ……………. is defined as an adaptive form characterized by a decrease in the size and metabolic activity of cells, resulting in a decrease in the size of organ.

35. ……………. is defined as an adaptive form characterized by a change in the phenotype of cells.

36. All of the following adaptive forms change the size of organ except ……………

37. ……………. is an adaptive form that only occur in non-dividing cells.